Google Scholar. Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. Int. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. Fornof, A. R. et al. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response (2021). Numbers above. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Prod. From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. Simes, C. C. S. Breve histrico do processo demogrfico. VIGISAN. Google Scholar. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. ADS Lancet Glob. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles 8, 1450414510 (2020). g;"a"E^X @; Chem. J. Environ. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in "Climate action". 4d). Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. J. Appl. Eng. % WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. x\[s8~w! Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. Given a growing emphasis on sustainability within the polymer industry, including calls to increase the circularity of polymer production12, this LCA provides an important metric for evaluating approaches to polymer recycling. The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. Frequently Asked Questions The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. endobj https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. 2U19AI089681-08). endobj Jul 13, 2021 Nature and Biodiversity ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to European Union objectives for the protection, maintenance and restoration of the Union's natural capital in its marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. 3a). Lines represent changes for Brazil. We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). We did not make any corrections for the under-registration of deaths. Jennifer Sargent was the primary editor on this article and managed its editorial process and peer review in collaboration with the rest of the editorial team. Our mission was, and remains, to change the way energy is made and used in. 364, 19851998 (2009). 61, 25842587 (1939). J. Google Scholar. 48, 21812190 (2015). ACS Macro Lett. T.A., S.G. and S.K. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Green. Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. 24, 561564 (2021). Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Lett. The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. Pereira, A. K., Oliveira, M. S. & Sampaio, T. S. Heterogeneidades das polticas estaduais de distanciamento social diante da COVID-19: aspectos polticos e tcnico-administrativos. 39, 2737 (2020). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. Acc. Also, demographic projections did not account for the pandemic context and might have overestimated population size. Soil Environ. We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. produced all visualization. JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). Between 1945 and 2020, e0 in Brazil increased from 45.5 years to 76.7 years10, an average of almost 5 months per calendar year. In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. Third, reports of long-term consequences of COVID-19 among survivors continue to emerge32,33, including fatigue and neurological, pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, among others. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. It is also the case that the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 could encompass secular changes unrelated to the pandemic. In this study, we used data on reported total deaths in 2020 and in JanuaryApril 2021 to measure and compare the death toll across states. is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Article First, we obtained mid-year population projections for 20182020 and abridged life tables estimated for 20002020 by state, age and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, or IBGE, in Portuguese) (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html). Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. States in the North and Northeast have the worst indicators of income inequality, poverty, access to infrastructure and availability of physicians and hospital beds12,13. One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. A 245, 132140 (2006). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054161 A1 (February 25, 2021). In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. Marinho, F. et al. J. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. IBGE. U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). M.C.C. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. %PDF-1.7 Raber, D. J. et al. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. Recycling methods that utilize these waste polymers could attenuate their environmental impact. Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications Chem. 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