Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. 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Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. An error occurred trying to load this video. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. 27 chapters | This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). spices, of Asia. Create your account. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Location of the Strait of Magellan. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. 1524. However, the reality is far more complex. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. For more than a century, Baker Hughes . While the Portuguese didnt rule over an immense landmass, their strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave them almost unrivaled control of nautical trade routes and a global empire of trading posts during the 1400s. 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The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. All rights reserved. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. succeed. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. Tools Used By Spanish Ships In The 15th Century | ipl.org The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. He also started a school explored isthmus of panama. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives Essay Sample. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. The Spaniards moved north, too. . What was the difference between the Portuguese and Spanish trading As they died, new workers were needed. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? - Brainly The Europeans enslaved the Native Americans and took most of them back to Europe. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica 2.1: Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. This compass showed from four to eight directions. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration quizlet? Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Menu and widgets When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. with an exploratory and descriptive study with a sample of five YouTube channels in Spanish and Portuguese aimed at early . More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Henry the Navigator. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Taming the Bullwhip: An Exploration of the Supply Chain Ripple Effect Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. SE. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. The Age of Exploration | History Quiz - Quizizz explored ante empire in Mexico. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. This creation of a trading post empire tapped into the existing slave trade among Africans with the Portuguese fully participating and expanding the trade beyond African borders. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. The Significance of Spanish Colonial Missions in our National Story and The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. The spread of Christianity to native populations. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . D. 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I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. How did Exploration impact the world? Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on.