Generally, these traits are not determined by just one gene, but instead by the cumulative effect . a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. c. Oligodendrocytes A) acetylcholine Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. a. b. auditory information. the membrane potential has been reestablished. These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. A) They conduct impulses. 11. B) muscle contraction would occur. They have high energy requirements (about 20 per. Neurons are located both in the CNS and on the periphery. Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. likely true? b. the medulla. b. Somatics A) ependymal cells to axon segment Axon segment Which of the following is not true concerning the structural classification of neurons? The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: They secrete acetylcholine. C) They are mitotic. 23 We detected neurons and extracted temporal components from the calcium imaging data (Figure 2 C) with the CNMF-E toolbox. Which of the following is false or incorrect? c. decrease the activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. The synaptic cleft b. a. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s). c. medulla That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. D) spinal cord and spinal nerves, The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. b. b. medulla d. Polymorphism, 50. However, the resting membrane potential in three types of neurons was not significantly different in the present study; therefore the 5-HT . The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. a. Alzheimer's disease. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. d. They are the same as any other cells. c. The person may stop breathing. 36. b. Pons B) nerves D. Involved in fast-acting body control. 100% (3 ratings) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? c. hippocampus. Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. a. synapses. b. cause aggressive behavior. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? a. Oligodendrocytes b. Constricted airways Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. There are three types of neurons. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. c. Extrapyramidal System . b. oligodendrocytes. b. Neurotransmitters The person would have impaired movement while the drug's effects were active. Some neuroglia remove debris and foreign material from the nervous system. 52. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it. b. inhibit axon growth. The landscaping business for the area totaled about$1,340,000 for the year. kg 1), . d. reduce cortical arousal. formation. Efferent neurons are ___ neurons carrying impulses to the muscles. 41. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. a. reference memory. b. thalamus. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are "firing," but due to the neurotransmitter released and its action, the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from "firing" (hyperpolarized). 79. Melatonin is released from the: a. the structure is below the area. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a (n) ________. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are. Which nervous system was the drug most D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. A) senses changes in the environment c. M2 Are most pedagogues more interested in automation or orthography? Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects caused by binding of the neurotransmitter (green dots) to the structure labeled C? 51. Tell why you think so. (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation contraction mechanism? c. genes. d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz b. a Mendelian disease. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, a process that allows us to move and exist in the world around us. The point where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber is called the: The person would have impaired decision making while the drug's effects were active. A severe tremor in someone's hands could be caused by abnormal functioning in the: The following is a list of characteristics of neurons: - Neurons are cells that specialized in the transmission of electrical impulses. hippocampus, which of the following would most likely be the result? c. Transcription factors C) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Numerous Nissl bodies were observed, indicating that the neurons had a high ability to synthesize proteins. 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. A) ependymal cells Immediately after an action potential the potassium gates, being slow gates that do not respond to change in the electrical charge, allow additional K+ ions to flood into the cell. A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. This protective role is important because cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS. Events that occur during synaptic activity are listed here, but they are arranged in an incorrect order. Identify the neuron type described: Two functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons. 33. c. Proteoglycans The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. Do not divide - (neural stem cells are an exception) 3. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of skeletal muscle D . The cells communicate by sending signals between different parts of the brain, and the neurons can interface with gray matter nuclei. 56. a. inhibit the production of neurotrophins. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. All rights reserved. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. D) effector, What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action potential? 78. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021). True or False, Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. a. Neurons synapse with: a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of these. b. transcription factors. 5. If a drug severely depressed the functioning of the medulla, which of the following might be 2. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? b. Medulla Which of the following membrane regions would have significant numbers of voltage-gated ion channels? d. at the axon terminal. c. cause the release of neurotrophins. 8. C) neurolemma c. gene duplication. What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? a. Trigeminal nerve The cerebellum is located in the: A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma DI) Schwann cell. Which of the followings cells accounts for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system? Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. C) acetylcholine d. None of these are correct. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? a. pituitary gland. d. inferior colliculus. Relative to the prefrontal cortex, the neuron would be called a(n): C) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. Resting potentials are not just characteristics of nerve cells; all cells in the body have resting potentials. We used embryonic stem cell-derived (H9) human neuronal stem cells . However, the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse. Its structure is multipolar. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? Which pattern of neural processing is important for higher level mental processing such as problem solving? C) innervation of glands C. Afferent. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . (b) Ordinary tungsten incandescent lightbulbs used in households are filled with argon gas at about 0.5 atm to retard the sublimation of the tungsten filament. C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally a. polymorphisms. C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. d . View the full answer. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Neurons are found across the body but are most numerous in the brain. Motor. b. thalamus. b. Ventral root Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. The neuronal membrane. 2. They control, in this way, from the movement of an arm, thoughts and even feelings through electrical signals that are called nerve impulses. The frequency of impulse transmission indicates the stimulus intensity and the brain responds appropriately. a. temporal lobe. c. The cerebral cortex includes the cerebellum. 74. What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in They are robust signaling cells. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. A. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. c. that a person is genetically male. Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the axolemma c. Axon fibres are covered by a white sheath called myelin. negatively charged and contains less sodium. a. Amygdala That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? It is impossible in a single chapter to delineate comprehensively the extensive structural, topographical and functional variation achieved by this cell type. b. the blood-brain barrier d. Inhibited salvation. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and . d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: 31. d. reticular activating system. b. hypothalamus d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. c. nucleus accumbens. b. Microglial cells 73. d. Extrapyramidal System. b. control the chemical environment around neurons. B) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter. It also affects your cerebellum, the part of your brain that controls movement and balance. Which of the following statements is true? Motorneurons release acetylcholine at: The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. How are women stereotyped by men in Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl? 2. Which of the following statements regarding nervous tissue is not true? Which of the following are functions of the CNS? c. in the synapse. A) support and brace neurons A. Neurons: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? a. Oligodendrocytes Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. If the electrode is removed, a potential of zero is recorded again. Conduct chemo-electrical impulses. B) endorphin Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. corpus callosum. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory What quantity of mercury spills over when heated to 75.0C75.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}75.0C ? ce3z/(4zi)3dz. From a historical standpoint, no other cell type has attracted as much attention or caused as much controversy as the nerve cell. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? c. Electrical impulses would be unable to travel down axons. According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. A. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. The significance of the myelin sheath surrounding axons of werve neurons is that ia is B. composed of synaptio vesieles, which corapletely botate the nouron due w ins whter dianecer. a. astrocytes play a role in neurotransmission. In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity? Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. c. M2 microglial cells What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? Name the following: Nervous tissue cells that regulate the chemical environment of neurons. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. D) ATP and other purines a. Somatic Nervous System a. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. c. The patient has a low level of transcription factors. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. 59. Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? d. gray matter. That is, they have a single axon and many dendrites. 29. Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic What are the different types of motor neurons? First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. To which part of the spinal cord is sensory information sent? D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: C) neurotransmitter B) If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. Relative to the central nervous system, motor neurons are referred to as afferent neurons. The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. C) oligodendrocytes b. cholinesterase. c. preganglionic terminals. D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Oligodendrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. depolarized to The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. These cells have a star-like shape and a central body that contains the . 38. E) nucleic acid. 1.Sensory. c. pineal gland. In the case of nerve . A neuron is formed when a receptor ends on another cell becomes active. a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? c. gamma aminobutyric. Psych 4035 Ch 3 Practice and Reading Quizzes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Chapter 3 Formatting Documents- Val Caylor. b. expect to find increased blood flow. Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? Citation 17 - Citation 21 However, the effect of CH on axonal plasticity within the white matter following ischemic stroke is not known in detail. 42. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. 20. A) act as a transmitting agent c. Neuromuscular junction High mitotic rate B. d. pineal gland. Describe annual cleanupthat isfrequently present in these agreements. B) They can form on receptor endings. An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse? 4. d. Neurogenetics. d. temporal lobe. b. that a person is genetically female. (a) can maintain ionic balance of extracellular environment for neurons (b) can take glucose from blood to provide to neurons to make ATP (c) can take up neurotransmitter from a synapse (d) can phag, Which of the following are characteristics of myelinated axons? A) cell body Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? Cerebrospinal is located in the following structures except: a. messenger ribonucleic acid. d. Sensory efferent neurons po. A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: a. increase the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. In this issue, Zhao et al. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. adjacent axon segment. A patient was admitted for depression. The pathogenesis of the sudden disruption of neurologic function is unknown; it probably involves dysregulation of the reticular activating system in . Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. C) calcium Integrate. b. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. 3. The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. d. Vagus nerve. What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? Question. B. d. the structure is anterior to the area. a. Dendrites and axon sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in B) negatively charged and contains less sodium They have extreme longevity. A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons Has component cells designed for conductivity b. b. Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? a) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. Schwann cells myelinate PNS axons. Fill in the blank. It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? Friedreich's ataxia is a rare disease that affects your central nervous system. C) Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities. a. hippocampus D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? 54. b) Neurological cells protect and support neurons. Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: c. sleepiness. During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. c. Ganglia A disorder that damaged oligodendrocytes would be expected to impede neurotransmission. 69. d. prefrontal cortex. B) dendrite 1. 12. c. the structure is further out to the side of the brain. d. ribosome transcription. 48. All of the following describe functions for cerebrospinal fluid except: d. astrocytes. C) anchor neurons to blood vessels a) Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses. C) voltage stimulus to initiate Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? a. the person had neurons that did not form correctly during neural development. b. Glossopharyngeal nerve B) Specific potassium gates will open. d. Nuclei. The cerebral cortex is located in the forebrain. d. spines along dendrites. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. D) They are short-lived. 60. D) generator potential. B. The midbrain contains the: What do neurons synapse with? Longevity 2. Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. C) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. myelinated; move from one node of Ranvier to another. 26. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? D) lowering the threshold for an action potential to occur. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are _____., Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? 47. The person may have an increase in heart rate. Hint. In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. d. Sympathetic ganglion, 24. b. Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. d. support and brace neurons. a. a. epigenetics. D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Which of the following statements is true of both membrane potential responses shown in the graphs? a. c. epigenetic stimulus. Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions The person may have constricted pupils. spindle fibres to divide the cell. d. improve recovery from traumatic brain injury. b. transcription factors. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? d. hippocampus. Transcription factors increase or decrease gene transcription. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? c. meninges. b. cerebellum. d. hippocampus. D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. 68. 1. Identify the cell type below that assists the function of neurons and has a supportive role within the nervous system? (a) They conduct impulses. How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? Question. c. end terminus. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. 3. Which of the following is correct? Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? B) anchor neurons to blood vessels c. a Mendelian disease. 32. The patient has a polymorphism that slow metabolism of a drug. ATP-dependent "motor" proteins such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin are responsible. A) They are short-lived. a. Oligodendrocytes The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. A) Specific sodium gates will open. d. that a person has autochromosomal traits. a. Classify neurons according to their function. d. Neurons. 62. B) They have extreme longevity.C) They are mitotic. (b) They have extreme longevity. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. The axon hillock is located: The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons, Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system, During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. a) Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Be b. M3 _____________ is the study of how genes support the function of neurons. 27.