VE against hospitalization was not estimated because of the very small number of hospitalized cases. Blakeway, H. et al. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could be used with traveler-based surveillance to provide an early warning system for COVID-19 and other pathogens. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Dr. Klein reported receiving grants from Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, and Sanofi Pasteur. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. 26K views, 1.2K likes, 65 loves, 454 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Citizen TV Kenya: #FridayNight For mothers of infants in the cohort, we extracted from the electronic health record data: age at pregnancy onset, self-reported race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, Native American, Other, White), the primary KPNC facility at which the woman received most of their health care, insurance payor (dichotomized as Medicare/Medicaid/other subsidized insurance and Other), neighborhood deprivation index [NDI]35 categorized into quartiles with higher values representing greater deprivation), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI=kg/m2; underweight <18.5, normal 18.524.9, overweight 25.029.9, obese 30.0), pre-pregnancy diabetes status, pre-pregnancy hypertension, and parity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Weekly / March 25, 2022 / 71(12);466473. Mountain lions, a bobcat, red foxes, black bears, and skunks represent the latest avian flu cases in mammals. 182, 825831 (2022). Sect. Vaccine 31, 31043109 (2013). In this design, we used Cox proportional hazards models with calendar days as the underlying scale to estimate hazard ratios and calculated vaccine effectiveness as 1 minus the hazard ratio. Cohen-Stavi, C. J. et al. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Compared with the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of unvaccinated hospitalized Black adults increased during the Omicron-predominant period. MB), Help with Risk of hospitalisation associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in Denmark: an observational cohort study. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. The TND is designed to better control for bias related to health care-seeking behavior31,32. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. No other exclusion criteria were applied. Infections are rare and can be severe or fatal, but so far scientists don't see genetic changes that pose an increased threat to people. JAMA Netw. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Dagan, N. et al. volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023) This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). J. Epidemiol. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. Hospitalizations rates increased among all adults irrespective of vaccination status (unvaccinated, primary series only, or primary series plus a booster or additional dose). Morb. Persons who received only 1 vaccine dose of a 2-dose series 14 days before the SARS-CoV-2 test date or had received a single dose of either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination series <14 days before the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were considered partially vaccinated and were not included in rates by vaccination status. Hospitalization of infants and children aged 0-4 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 states, March 2020-February 2022. Most mothers (66.14%) were between ages 25 and <35 years, and more than a quarter (27.27%) were of Asian race, 5.16% were Black, 24.44% were of Hispanic ethnicity and 37.57% were White. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). However, we have no reason to expect a strong association between the absence of NHS number and SARS-CoV-2 variant. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in late 2021, Canadian public health case/contact testing was scaled back due to high infection rates with milder symptoms in a highly vaccinated population. Article Among children 12 to 17, the . TN, NMF, SFlax, MC, DDA, AMP, and ST conceptualised the work. During the Omicron dominant period, maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 43% (95% CI: 4, 69) during the first 2 months of life, 36% (95% CI:11, 55) during the first 4 months of life, and 41% (95% CI: 25, 53) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. 384, 22732282 (2021). Am. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Our study was strengthened both by its large sample size and our ability to follow infants through 6 months of age. It is possible that this practice may have led to some misclassification of the outcome, and we were unable to assess whether this misclassification was differential between vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. J. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Klein, N. P. et al. Most QCovid risk groups were tied to an increased risk of post-booster death, except congenital heart disease, asthma, and previous fracture. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of delta and Omicron variant predominance in the United States. Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. In January 2022, unvaccinated adults and those vaccinated with a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, were 12 and three times as likely to be hospitalized, respectively, as were adults who received booster or additional doses. The U.K. Health. Rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among those who had received a booster or additional dose. Google Scholar. TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland, Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy, Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel, Covid-19 vaccination programme effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related infections, hospital admissions and deaths in the Apulia region of Italy: a one-year retrospective cohort study, Post-vaccination outcomes in association with four COVID-19 vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults, The indirect effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare workers unvaccinated household members, SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar, https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Kharbanda, E. O. et al. 1). Dis. and JavaScript. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. This correction ensures that there is always a reasonable denominator for the unvaccinated population that would prevent hospitalization rates from growing unrealistically large because of potential overestimates of vaccination coverage. Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were persons who had received the second dose of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster or additional dose. Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. Google Scholar. Office of the Vice President for Research. 226, 236 e1236.e14 (2022). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccination during pregnancy in preventing hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. J. Med. Razzaghi, H. et al. Although hospitalization rates increased for all adults, rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among adults who had received a primary series and a booster or additional dose. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). CDC is not responsible for the content During the period of Omicron predominance, hospitalization rates increased most sharply among Black adults in the United States relative to all other racial and ethnic groups examined and reached the highest rate observed among all racial and ethnic groups since the beginning of the pandemic. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, as COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). M.G. These results suggest that in addition to providing protection against testing positive, vaccination during pregnancy also provides protection against hospitalization (severe disease) in infants during their first 6 months of life as previously reported recently18,19. MMWR and Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report are service marks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The group raised concerns about a small number of Guillain-Barre syndrome cases in vaccine recipients and wanted more data, especially on efficacy in those at highest risk. Google Scholar. Two to 4 weeks after a booster dose, vaccine effectiveness ranged from around 65-75%, dropped to 55-70% at 5 to 9 weeks, and 40-50% from 10 weeks or more after a booster dose. During Omicron predominance, shortly after the Food and Drug Administration authorized COVID-19 vaccination for this age group, population-based hospitalization rates among unvaccinated children were twice as high as were those among vaccinated children. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. Sample sizes presented are unweighted with weighted percentages. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. J. Med. And in a second large study during the Omicron period, older people, men, and residents of nursing homes or in low-income areas were most at risk for post-booster COVID-19 death in England, but the risk was very low. All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. supervised chart reviews. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? Our primary cohort analysis used calendar days as the underlying scale to ensure that we compared infants of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers on the same calendar days because vaccination status during pregnancy and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied over the study period. conducted all statistical analysis in collaboration with O.Z. We thank staff at UKHSA and members of the UK Government SPI-M committee and the UKHSA Variant Technical Group for valuable discussions. image, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04479-6, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269082, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2021-to-2022-season, Download .pdf (.95 J. Med. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. . Suggested citation for this article: Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. But the average . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between the Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Nat Commun 14, 894 (2023). The average age of decedents was 83.3 years. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.".